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These seem to be two problems, but they are actually one problem. Because its security determines the attitude of various countries towards it and also determines whether it is legal or not.
AMPK was first officially named in 1988 in a paper published on European Journal of Biochemistry. In view of the cellular function of AMPK, the study of AMPK agonists is extremely important.
Still, developing a drug that can directly activate AMPK and have a therapeutic effect has been a challenge. The development of AMPK direct agonists was initially focused on finding compounds that could mimic nucleoside-dependent activation, although the identity of the nucleotide binding site on AMPK was unknown at the time.
It was not until many years later that 5-aminimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleotide (also known as ZMP), a monophosphates derivative of the cell-permeable precursor AICAR, was found to be a direct AMPK agonist. AICAR was first used in 1980 as a way to keep blood flowing to the heart during surgery.
With the emergence of AMPK agonists, researchers and scholars have carried out almost crazy research on AMPK. In 2019, two scientists from McStert University in Canada and Imperial College London published an in-depth review article on Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. The vast therapeutic potential of targeting AMPK is evaluated in detail in a variety of disease areas, including metabolic diseases, cancer, neuromuscular diseases, chronic kidney disease, pain, and aging.
AICAR can be synthesized in the laboratory and is being evaluated in clinical and human trials. |